OSHA and Workplace Violence

The workplace violence tragedy in Florida yesterday where a lone gunman killed five people and then himself at an Orlando awning factory is a sad reminder that workplace violence remains a serious issue for businesses. OSHA estimates that approximately 2 million American workers are victims of workplace violence each year and that it can strike anywhere, at any time. In fact, during a recent fire drill at our building, the Fire Warden spoke not only about emergency exit procedures during a fire but protocols when an active shooter is in the building. Although it is a frightening scenario to think about, businesses can and should be proactive about identifying potential workplace violence incidents and providing appropriate training.

Although there are no specific OSHA standards for workplace violence, ignoring signs and failing to abate recognized hazards including workplace violence could lead to a violation of Section 5(a)(1), the general duty clause, of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Specifically, an employer that has experienced acts of workplace violence, or becomes aware of threats or other indicators showing the potential for workplace violence would be on notice for risk of workplace violence and should implement a workplace violence prevention program including engineering controls, administrative controls, and training as it generally should for any other kind of recognized hazard in the workplace. Indeed, some states such as New York already require certain employers (public employers) to have a written workplace violence program including conducting a hazard assessment.

Although it is too early to tell in the Orlando case what, if any, signs existed that might have predicted the shooting, law enforcement has stated that it appears the shooter was singling out individuals and that he had at least one negative relationship with one of the victims. In many of these tragedies, there may have been visible workplace violence signs or other indicators. 

OSHA has issued a Fact Sheet on Workplace Violence that serves as a helpful guide in preparing and implementing a workplace violence policy which is available at:

https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/factsheet-workplace-violence.pdf

Not surprisingly, OSHA recommends that employers adopt a zero-tolerance workplace violence program which should be incorporated into an employee handbook or manual of standard operating procedures or similar document. Proactive suggestions include:

  • Providing safety education for employees
  • Securing the workplace, when appropriate, with video surveillance, extra lighting, and alarm systems, etc.
  • Providing drop safes to limit cash on hand
  • Equipping field staff with cell phones and other communication devices
  • Instructing employees not to enter any locations where they feel unsafe or use a “buddy” system

In addition, OSHA has developed other more specific workplace violence guidelines for high-risk industries such as healthcare, taxi drivers, and late-night retail establishments. Of course, OSHA is not the only legal issue employers need to be aware of when dealing with workplace violence. For example, the Americans with Disabilities Act may need to be considered which generally protects individuals with disabilities or perceived disabilities (both physical and mental) and some states like New York protect domestic violence victims against employment discrimination.

An effective workplace violence program should address how employees can protect themselves and what employers should do following an incident of workplace violence. Like any other safety and health policy, the specific operational facts will dictate what is necessary. By conducting an appropriate workplace violence assessment, an employer will be in a much better position to determine what protocols it should have in place and to provide training for such as an active shooter scenario. In addressing workplace violence, the cliché “hope for the best and prepare for the worse” is ultimately the best strategy.

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